The hidden treasure right in front of us
When we look at the sea, there is a lot that fascinates us about it. Yet, it is precisely what we can’t see that could serve as an invisible source of hope. Because hidden in the vastness of the ocean is a treasure that is perhaps the most precious thing in our world today: vapor.
Water vapor that can be turned into fresh water. When Praveen Kumar came up with this idea, he and his colleagues were surprised that nobody had thought about this before, because it seemed so obvious. And that’s why they immediately started working on a study, which we cannot wait to see turned into reality. Especially because the innovative structures could be as big as large cruise ships.
Read the full conversation
Interview
We have spoken to Dr. Praveen Kumar, environmental engineering professor and Prairie Research Institute executive director at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Together with Afeefa Rahman and Francina Dominguez, they are evaluating 14 water-stressed locations across the globe for the feasibility of a hypothetical structure capable of capturing water vapor from above the ocean and condensing it into fresh water – and in a manner that will remain feasible in the face of continued climate change.
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BRITA:
To put it simply, what is your solution to the global water crisis?
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Praveen Kumar:
In short, we can help people and communities to have easy and reliable access to water. My team and I developed an infrastructure that can produce water from the evaporation over oceans.
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BRITA:
You spoke about “evaporation”. Can you walk us through the process from evaporation to liquid water?
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Praveen Kumar:
Let's simplify the process of turning evaporated water into liquid water. Imagine water evaporating and rising into the air, then moving horizontally due to strong winds. The first challenge is capturing this moisture-filled air effectively, despite constantly changing wind directions. The next step involves converting all this moisture into water, a process that requires a lot of energy. This leads to the second challenge: Developing technologies capable of efficiently handling all this captured water. And the third challenge is ensuring the water's quality.
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BRITA:
Speaking of a lot of energy, that's actually a problem, isn't it?
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Praveen Kumar:
The energy is a considerable challenge. But we’re trying to solve that with renewable energy sources.
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BRITA:
How is your project different to other solutions?
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Praveen Kumar:
I want to make two points: first, I realise that ocean surface evaporation is a process, with no upper limit to how much can occur. It's governed by temperature and available energy. Evaporation is a crucial part of the water cycle, where evaporated water returns as rain or snow – resources we rely on. Interestingly, we can harness this process to generate fresh water without harming the oceanic environment, as our process does not disrupt the natural evaporation system. Our method of capturing and condensing water vapor offers a sustainable way to produce fresh water.
The second point is, this approach is resilient to climate change. As the climate warms, we'll see more evaporation and the air's ability to hold moisture will grow, making more water available precisely when it's needed. This addresses one of climate change's primary impacts on humanity—water availability. In a warmer future, this method could provide a critical, adaptable source of fresh water.
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BRITA:
What significance does water have for you?
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Praveen Kumar:
Water is fundamental to everyone's life. At some point, we all confront the challenges associated with accessing clean water. Growing up in a region where water was only available for a few hours each day, I experienced these challenges firsthand. There was a period in my life when carrying water from a distant source to my home became not just an expectation but a routine necessity. It was only upon reflection, years later, that I realised such struggles should not be a daily part of anyone's life.
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BRITA:
We are talking here about a solution that is still in the concept phase. How optimistic are you that the theory will become a reality?
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Praveen Kumar:
Oh, I'm very optimistic about this! There's a great deal of interest and enthusiasm surrounding it, and we're committed to moving it forward, turning our concepts into actual prototypes, and ultimately into practical solutions.
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BRITA:
Sounds like the project has great potential, or…?
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Praveen Kumar:
Absolutely, the project holds a lot of potential. For the first time in a while, there's a viable solution to address water stress that impacts everyone, directly or indirectly. Our published study showcases how structures large enough to make a substantial impact can work with capture areas measuring 200 x 100m, much like the size of a cruise ship. Such a structure could support the water needs of half a million people annually.
This solution is versatile, meaning it can work for various regions and be especially beneficial for somewhat dry to very dry areas worldwide, including places like California, the Middle East, and beyond. Our approach can cater not only to large urban centers but also support smaller coastal communities in diverse ways, from agriculture to industry. The global concern of water stress can be addressed by harnessing ocean evaporation, offering a scalable solution that can support cities' water needs. For instance, about nine such structures could meet Los Angeles's requirements, or three could suffice for Abu Dhabi.
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BRITA:
And when will it all be ready?
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Praveen Kumar:
I anticipate having a prototype ready within the next year or two. This will help us gather enough data to create guiding models for the development of larger-scale structures. If investments are received on time, we could begin designing and exploring larger, demand-driven solutions in two to three years.
Fresh water from ocean vapor
- Bullet IconWater
- Bullet IconVapor
- Bullet IconElectricity
- Bullet IconWind